Edward Conard

Top Ten New York Times Bestselling Author

  • “Unintended Consequences is full of substance, it is one of the must-read books of the year, and once I finish it I will be giving it a second read through right away.” - Tyler Cowen, Professor, George Mason University
  • “…a comprehensive explanation of the modern economy.” - Julian Robertson, Founder, Tiger Management
  • “Unintended Consequences is far smarter and more thought-provoking than most economics written for the general public” - Greg Mankiw, Harvard University, Former Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors
  • “…serious thinking for serious thinkers. …a thought-provoking blueprint for growing middle- and working-class incomes.” - Mitt Romney, former Governor of Massachusetts
  • “…a fresh argument for the productive value of inequality.” - David Autor, Professor of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • “Unintended Consequences represents the most cogent and persuasive analysis of the Financial Crisis to date.” - Andrei Shleifer, 1999 John Bates Clark Medal Winner
  • “A full-throated defense of economic dynamism.” - The Wall Street Journal
  • “Unintended Consequences should be read by anyone who takes for granted the superiority of progressive taxation and has not thought carefully about the trade-offs involved.” - The New Republic
  • “…challenges misconceptions that distort our economic debates.” - Arthur Brooks, President of the American Enterprise Institute
  • “…a fresh argument for the productive value of inequality.” - David Autor, Professor of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • “…a must-read for serious students of economic policy.” - Glenn Hubbard, Dean, Columbia Business School, and former Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers
  • “…serious thinking for serious thinkers. …a thought-provoking blueprint for growing middle- and working-class incomes.” - Mitt Romney, former Governor of Massachusetts
Upside of Inequality Oxford Unintended Consequences

AI Summary. IBM has laid out a roadmap for building a fault-tolerant quantum computer by 2029, citing advances in reducing errors in quantum bits and a technique for identifying and correcting errors in real time using conventional computing. Amazon and Google are also pursuing quantum error correction with dedicated chips.

Belle Lin and Isabelle Bousquette Wall Street Journal
Date Posted:

IBM Quantum Starling aims to achieve 20,000x the compute of current quantum computers by 2029, leveraging advanced error-correction techniques to ensure fault tolerance.

Is error correction bringing fault-tolerant quantum computing within reach?

Core argument: IBM's VP of Quantum, Gambetta, attributes the company's confidence in delivering a fault-tolerant quantum computer by 2029 to advances in a new error-reduction approach plus a technique for identifying and correcting errors in real time using conventional computing.

Quantum computers store information as quantum bits and are much richer objects than the binary digits that ordinary computers use. But one of quantum computing’s major problems is that qubits generate errors as they tackle problems. Gambetta, IBM’s VP of Quantum, said IBM’s confidence in its 2029 timeline stems from two recent developments: further advances in a new approach to reducing errors plus a technique for identifying and correcting errors in real-time using conventional computing. IBM isn’t the only one that has promised a fault-tolerant computer by 2029. Others have recently made progress in the area of error correction, including Amazon, with its Ocelot quantum computing chip, which it said can reduce quantum errors by up to 90%. Google is also focused on error correction with its Willow chip. IBM is releasing more detailed plans for its large-scale quantum computer at this point because it hopes to spur developers’ interest in creating quantum algorithms—a key part of the software that will run on quantum computers. That’s critical to achieving a return on investment for quantum computers.

Takeaways by Macro Roundup® AI

  1. IBM's VP of Quantum, Gambetta, attributes the company's confidence in delivering a fault-tolerant quantum computer by 2029 to advances in a new error-reduction approach plus a technique for identifying and correcting errors in real time using conventional computing.
  2. Amazon says its Ocelot quantum computing chip can reduce quantum errors by up to 90%, while Google is pursuing error correction with its Willow chip, and IBM is not alone in promising a fault-tolerant machine by 2029.
  3. IBM is releasing more detailed plans for its large-scale quantum computer to spur developers' interest in creating quantum algorithms, which it considers critical to achieving a return on investment for quantum computers.

Related Articles:

  • Physicists Question Microsoft’s Quantum Claim — Physicists outside the work have responded cautiously to Microsoft's topological quantum computing claim, noting that the search for topological qubits and the "Majorana" particles underpinning them has a history of bold announcements later withdrawn. Researchers describe the technology as excruciatingly difficult to actually build.
  • Microsoft’s Majorana 1 Chip Carves New Path for Quantum Computing — Microsoft unveiled Majorana 1, a quantum chip built on a Topological Core architecture using a new materials stack of indium arsenide and aluminum, which the company expects will enable quantum computers capable of solving industrial-scale problems within years rather than decades. The topological superconductor produces a qubit that is fast, small, stable, and digitally controlled.
  • Meet Willow, Our State-of-the-Art Quantum Chip — Google reports that its Willow quantum chip completed a random circuit sampling benchmark computation in under five minutes that one of today's fastest supercomputers would take an estimated 10^25 years to perform. The benchmark is described as the classically hardest test currently runnable on a quantum computer.
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