How much of rising cultural conflict does cable news explain?
Core argument: The authors estimate that cable news can account for one-third of the increase in American cultural conflict since 2000, linking the "culture war" to 1980s media technology changes and the cable networks that responded to the era's incentives.
We link the contemporary American “culture war” to changes in media technologies in the 1980s and to the cable news networks which responded to the new incentives of the era. We first show that cable news emphasizes culture-war issues much more, and economic issues much less, than older broadcast news or politicians. Using household-by-second smart TV data, we trace cable news’ emphasis on cultural over economic issues to a distinctive business strategy: culture attracts viewers who would otherwise not watch news (“mobilization”); economics attracts viewers who would otherwise watch competing news outlets (“poaching”); and the number mobilized by culture is greater than the number poached by economics, so culture increases viewership. [While] cable outlets value poaching and mobilization equally, politicians maximize vote share and so value poaching twice as much as mobilization. Cable news’ incentive to center mobilizing culture war content influences politics: constituencies more exposed to cable news assign greater importance to cultural issues, and politicians respond by supplying more cultural ads. Our estimates suggest that cable news can account for one-third of the time-series increase in cultural conflict since 2000.

