Edward Conard

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Upside of Inequality Oxford Unintended Consequences

U.S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics
Date Posted:
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Btw 1971/1973 and 2008, the gap btw White and Black students in reading and math narrowed significantly, with Black students making larger gains.

From the early 1970s to 2008, significant progress was made in narrowing the test-score gap between White and Black students in reading and mathematics. This reduction is attributed to larger gains by Black students compared to their White counterparts, with the gap reaching its narrowest point during peak desegregation. Despite some widening as schools resegregated, the long-term trend shows a positive shift. The 2012 NAEP assessments highlight these improvements, with Black and Hispanic students making notable strides. However, the White-Hispanic gap in math at age 9 remained largely unchanged since the 1970s. Gender disparities also shifted, with female students generally outperforming males in reading, while males led in math at age 17. The narrowing gender gap at age 9 is due to larger gains by males in reading from 1971 to 2012. These trends underscore the impact of educational policies aimed at closing achievement gaps and highlight ongoing challenges in achieving equity.

what the timesop-edon busing cited to support this claim ".... We now know that school desegregation significantly reduced the test-score gap between black and white children — cutting it in half for some black age groups without harming white children. No other reform has reduced the gap on this scale. Rather, the opposite is true: The test-score gap between black and white students reached its narrowest point ever at the peak of desegregation and has widened as schools have resegregated...."".... Closing achievement gaps is a goal of both national and state education policy. The results from the 2012 NAEP long-term trend assessments show some progress toward meeting that goal. The narrowing of the White - Black and White - Hispanic score gaps in reading and mathematics from the 1970s is the result of larger gains by Black and Hispanic students than White students. Only the White - Hispanic gap in mathematics at age 9 has not shown a significant change from the early 1970s. Female students scored higher in reading than male students at all three ages. The 2012 results show 9-year-old males making larger score gains than females. This has led to a narrowing of the gender gap at age 9 as compared to 1971. In mathematics, male 17-year-old students scored higher than female students. The gender gap at age 17 narrowed because female students made gains from 1971 to 2012, but 17-year-old male students did not...."

Trends in Academic Progress: Reading 1971-2012 | Mathematics 1973-2012: Extended Excerpt Image 1


U.S. Department of Education, "Trends in Academic Progress: Reading 1971-2012 | Mathematics 1973-2012," National Center for Education Statistics, 2013, https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/subject/publications/main2012/pdf/2013456.pdf

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